Nyaya yatichataura nezvayo nhasi ine chekuita nedzimba dzakangwara.
Kana zvasvika kudzimba dzakangwara, hapana anofanira kunge asina kujairana nadzo. Pakutanga kwezana rino remakore, apo pfungwa yeInternet of Things yakatanga kuumbwa, nzvimbo inonyanya kukosha yekushandisa, yaive imba yakangwara.
Mumakore apfuura, nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiita tekinoroji yedhijitari, michina yemagetsi yakangwara yepamba yave ichigadzirwa. Midziyo iyi yakaunza nyore nyore kuhupenyu hwemhuri uye yakawedzera mufaro wekurarama.
Nekufamba kwenguva, uchava nemapurogiramu akawanda pafoni yako.
Ehe, iri ndiro dambudziko rezvipingamupinyi zvezvakatipoteredza iro rave richitambudza indasitiri yedzimba dzakangwara kwenguva refu.
Kutaura zvazviri, kukura kwetekinoroji yeIoT kwagara kuchiratidzwa nekupatsanuka. Mamiriro akasiyana ekushandisa anoenderana nehunhu hwakasiyana hwetekinoroji yeIoT. Mamwe anoda bandwidth yakakura, mamwe anoda kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, mamwe anotarisa pakugadzikana, uye mamwe ane hanya zvikuru nemutengo.
Izvi zvakakonzera musanganiswa we2/3/4/5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread nedzimwe nzira dzekutaurirana.
Imba yakangwara, zvakare, imhando yeLAN, ine matekinoroji ekutaurirana ari kure akadai seWi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread, nezvimwewo, muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana.
Uyezve, sezvo dzimba dzakangwara dzakagadzirirwa vashandisi vasiri nyanzvi, vagadziri vanowanzo gadzira mapuratifomu avo uye maUI interfaces uye vanoshandisa maapplication layer protocols ega ega kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vashandisi vanowana ruzivo. Izvi zvakakonzera "hondo yezvakatipoteredza" iripo parizvino.
Zvipingamupinyi zviri pakati pezvakatipoteredza hazvina kungokonzera matambudziko asingaperi kune vashandisi chete, asiwo kune vatengesi nevagadziri - kutanga chigadzirwa chimwe chete kunoda kuvandudzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvakasiyana, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya mutoro webasa nemitengo.
Nekuda kwekuti dambudziko rezvipingamupinyi zvezvakatipoteredza ndiro dambudziko guru pakukura kwenguva refu kwedzimba dzakangwara, indasitiri iyi yakatanga kushanda pakutsvaga mhinduro yedambudziko iri.
Kuzvarwa kweMatter protocol
Muna Zvita 2019, Google neApple vakabatana neZigbee Alliance, vakabatana neAmazon nemakambani anopfuura mazana maviri nezviuru zvenyanzvi pasi rese kusimudzira protocol itsva ye application layer, inozivikanwa seProject CHIP (Connected Home over IP) protocol.
Sezvamunoona kubva pazita racho, CHIP ine chekuita nekubatanidza imba zvichibva pamaitiro eIP. Iyi protocol yakatangwa nechinangwa chekuwedzera kuenderana kwemidziyo, kurerutsa kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, kuvandudza ruzivo rwevashandisi uye kusimudzira indasitiri.
Mushure mekunge boka revashandi veCHIP razvarwa, hurongwa hwekutanga hwaive hwekuburitsa chiyero muna 2020 uye kutanga chigadzirwa muna 2021. Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, hurongwa uhwu hauna kuzobudirira.
Muna Chivabvu 2021, Zigbee Alliance yakachinja zita rayo kuita CSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance). Panguva imwe chete, chirongwa cheCHIP chakatumidzwa zita idzva kuita Matter (zvichireva kuti "mamiriro ezvinhu, chiitiko, nyaya" muchiChinese).
Mubatanidzwa wakatumidzwa zita idzva nekuti nhengo zhinji dzaisada kubatana naZigbee, uye CHIP yakachinjwa kuita Matter, zvichida nekuti izwi rekuti CHIP raizivikanwa zvakanyanya (pakutanga raireva "chip") uye zviri nyore kwazvo kudonha.
Muna Gumiguru 2022, CSA yakazoburitsa vhezheni 1.0 yeMatter standard protocol. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, musi wa18 Chivabvu 2023, Matter vhezheni 1.1 yakaburitswawo.
Nhengo dzeCSA Consortium dzakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu: Mutangi, Mutori wechikamu uye Mugamuchiri. Vatangi vari padanho repamusoro, vachiva vekutanga kutora chikamu mukunyorwa kweprotocol, inhengo dzeBhodhi reVatungamiriri veAlliance uye vanotora chikamu kusvika pamwero wakati muhutungamiriri nesarudzo dzeAlliance.
Google neApple, sevamiriri vevatangi, vakabatsira zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwekutanga kweMatter.
Google yakapawo nzira yayo yekubatanidza network ne application protocol yeSmart Home inonzi Weave (seti yemaitiro ekusimbisa mashandiro emudziyo), ukuwo Apple yakapawo HAP Security (yekutaurirana kubva pakupera kusvika pakupera uye kugadzirisa LAN yemuno, ichivimbisa kuvanzika kwakasimba uye kuchengetedzeka).
Zvichienderana neruzivo rutsva rwuri pawebhusaiti yepamutemo, mubatanidzwa weCSA wakatangwa nemakambani makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, nevatori vechikamu mazana maviri nemakumi masere nevaviri uye 238 vakatora.
Vachitungamirirwa nemakambani makuru aya, vatambi veindasitiri vari kushingaira kutumira kunze kwenyika pfuma yavo yepfungwa kuMatter uye vakazvipira kuvaka ecosystem yakabatana zvakanaka.
Magadzirirwo eprotocol yaMatter
Mushure mekutaura uku kwese, tinonzwisisa sei chaizvo protocol yeMatter? Chii chiri hukama hwayo neWi-Fi, Bluetooth, Thread neZigbee?
Kwete nekukurumidza kudaro, ngatitarisei dhayagiramu:
Iyi idhayagiramu yehurongwa hweprotocol: Wi-Fi, Thread, Bluetooth (BLE) neEthernet ndiwo maprotocol ari pasi (physical uye data link layers); kumusoro ndiko network layer, kusanganisira IP protocols; kumusoro ndiko transport layer, kusanganisira TCP uye UDP protocols; uye Matter protocol, sezvatatotaura, i application layer protocol.
Bluetooth neZigbee zvinewo network, transport uye application layers, pamwe chete nemaprotocol aripo.
Saka, Matter iprotocol inoshanda pamwe chete neZigbee neBluetooth. Parizvino, maprotocol ega anotsigira Matter iWi-Fi, Thread neEthernet (Ethernet).
Pamusoro pehurongwa hweprotocol, tinofanira kuziva kuti Matter protocol yakagadzirwa nepfungwa yakavhurika.
Iprotocol ye open source inogona kuonekwa, kushandiswa uye kugadziriswa nemunhu wese kuti ienderane nemamiriro akasiyana ekushandisa uye zvinodiwa, izvo zvinobvumira mabhenefiti ehunyanzvi ekujekesa uye kuvimbika.
Kuchengetedzwa kweprotocol yeMatter inyaya huru inotengeswawo. Inoshandisa tekinoroji yemazuva ano ye encryption uye inotsigira encryption kubva kumagumo kuenda kumagumo kuitira kuti kutaurirana kwevashandisi kusabirwe kana kukanganiswa.
Muenzaniso wekubatana kweMatter
Tevere, tinotarisa kubatana chaiko kweMatter. Zvakare, izvi zvinoratidzwa nedhayagiramu:
Sezvinoratidzwa nedhayagiramu, Matter iprotocol yakavakirwa paTCP/IP, saka Matter ichero chinhu chakakamurwa muTCP/IP.
Midziyo yeWi-Fi neEthernet inotsigira protocol yeMatter inogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga kune router isina waya. Midziyo yeshinda inotsigira protocol yeMatter inogonawo kubatanidzwa kune network dzakavakirwa paIP dzakadai seWi-Fi kuburikidza neBorder Routers.
Midziyo isingatsigire protocol yeMatter, yakaita seZigbee kana Bluetooth, inogona kubatanidzwa kune mudziyo webridge (Matter Bridge/Gateway) kuti ichinje protocol yacho yozobatanidzwa kune router isina waya.
Kufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri muMatter
Zvinhu zvinomiririra mafambiro ehunyanzvi hwepamba. Saka, yave ichitariswa nevanhu vakawanda uye ichitsigirwa zvikuru kubvira payakatanga.
Indasitiri iyi ine tariro huru pamusoro pemikana yekukura kweMatter. Sekureva kwemushumo wechangobva kuitwa nekambani yekutsvagisa misika yeABI Research, midziyo yemagetsi inopfuura mabhiriyoni makumi maviri yakabatana isina waya ichatengeswa pasi rese kubva muna 2022 kusvika 2030, uye chikamu chikuru chemhando idzi dzemidziyo chichasangana nezvinodiwa neMatter.
Parizvino Matter inoshandisa nzira yekupihwa chitupa. Vagadziri vanogadzira michina inofanirwa kupasa maitiro ekupihwa chitupa eCSA consortium kuti vagamuchire chitupa cheMatter uye vabvumidzwe kushandisa logo yeMatter.
Sekureva kweCSA, zvinodiwa paMatter zvichashanda kumhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo dzakadai semapaneru ekudzora, makiyi emusuwo, mwenje, masoketi, maswichi, masensa, mathermostat, mafeni, magadzirirwo emamiriro ekunze, mablinds nemidziyo yenhau, zvichisanganisira zvinenge zvese zvinoitika mumba makangwara.
Panyaya yeindasitiri, indasitiri iyi yatova nevagadziri vakawanda vane zvigadzirwa zvakapasa chitupa cheMatter uye zviri kupinda mumusika zvishoma nezvishoma. Kune vagadziri vemachip nemamodule, kune rutsigiro rwakasimba rweMatter.
Mhedziso
Basa guru reMatter senzira yepamusoro-soro ndeyekuputsa zvipingamupinyi zviri pakati pemidziyo yakasiyana uye nharaunda. Vanhu vakasiyana vane maonero akasiyana pamusoro peMatter, vamwe vachiiona semuponesi uye vamwe vachiiona senzira yakanaka.
Parizvino, protocol yeMatter ichiri kutanga kutengeswa uye inotarisana nematambudziko nematambudziko, akadai semitengo yakakwira uye nguva refu yekuvandudza michina.
Chero zvazvingava, zvinounza kushamisika kumakore asina kufadza ehurongwa hwetekinoroji hwepamba hwakangwara. Kana hurongwa hwekare huri kudzikamisa kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye huchidzikamisa ruzivo rwevashandisi, saka tinoda matekinoroji akaita seMatter kuti atange basa guru.
Hazvigoneki kutaura chokwadi kuti Matter ichabudirira here kana kuti kwete. Zvisinei, chinangwa cheindasitiri yese yedzimba dzakangwara uye basa rekambani yega yega nevanoshanda muindasitiri iyi kusimudzira tekinoroji yedhijitari muhupenyu hwepamba uye kuramba vachivandudza ruzivo rwevashandisi vehupenyu hwedhijitari.
Ndinovimba kuti imba yakangwara ichakurumidza kupwanya zvese zvine chekuita nehunyanzvi uye ichauya zvechokwadi mudzimba dzese.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-29-2023