1. Tsanangudzo

Iyo Internet yezvinhu (IoT) ndiyo "Internet inobatanidza zvese", inova yekuwedzera uye kuwedzera kweInternet. Iyo inosanganisa akasiyana-siyana ekuziva ruzivo netiweki kugadzira network hombe, ichiziva kubatana kwevanhu, michina uye zvinhu chero nguva uye chero kupi.

IInternet yeZvinhu chikamu chakakosha chechizvarwa chitsva chehunyanzvi hweruzivo. IT indasitiri inonziwo paninterconnection, zvinoreva kubatanidza zvinhu nezvose. Naizvozvo, "Indaneti yezvinhu ndiyo Internet yezvinhu zvakabatana". Izvi zvine zvirevo zviviri: chekutanga, musimboti uye hwaro hweInternet Yezvinhu ichiri Internet, inova network yakawedzera uye yakawedzera pamusoro peInternet. Chechipiri, divi rayo remutengi rinowedzera uye rinotambanudzira kune chero chinhu pakati pezvinhu zvekutsinhana ruzivo uye kutaurirana. Naizvozvo, tsananguro yeInternet yezvinhu iri kuburikidza neredhiyo frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS), senge laser scanner ruzivo inonzwa mudziyo, zvinoenderana nechibvumirano chechibvumirano, kune chero chinhu chakabatana neInternet, kuchinjana ruzivo. uye kutaurirana, kuitira kuti uzive kune hungwaru kuzivikanwa, nzvimbo, kuteedzera uye kutarisa uye manejimendi yetiweki.

2. Key Technology

2.1 Radio Frequency Identification

RFID iri nyore isina waya sisitimu iyo ine anobvunzurudza (kana muverengi) uye akati wandei transponders (kana ma tag). Matagi anoumbwa nekubatanidza zvinhu uye machipisi. Tegi yega yega ine yakasarudzika kodhi yemagetsi kodhi yeakawedzera mapindiro, akasungirirwa pachinhu kuti aone chinhu chinonangwa. Inotumira ruzivo rweredhiyo kumuverengi kuburikidza neantenna, uye muverengi ndiye mudziyo unoverenga ruzivo. RFID tekinoroji inobvumira zvinhu "kutaura". Izvi zvinopa iyo Internet yezvinhu trackability chimiro. Zvinoreva kuti vanhu vanogona kuziva nzvimbo chaiyo yezviro nenzvimbo yazvo chero nguva. Vaongorori vezvekutengesa kuSanford C. Bernstein vanofungidzira kuti iyi ficha yeInternet Yezvinhu RFID inogona kuchengetedza Wal-Mart $8.35 bhiriyoni pagore, yakawanda yacho mumitengo yevashandi inokonzerwa nekusafanira kutarisa nemaoko macode anouya. RFID yakabatsira indasitiri yekutengesa kugadzirisa maviri ematambudziko ayo makuru: kunze-kwe-stock uye kutambisa (zvigadzirwa zvakarasika nekuba uye kuvhiringwa kwemaketani ekupa). Wal-mart inorasikirwa nemadhora 2 bhiriyoni pagore pakuba chete.

2.2 Micro – Electro – Mechanical Systems

MEMS inomirira micro-electro-mechanical Systems. Iyo yakabatanidzwa micro-device system inoumbwa neiyo micro-sensor, micro-actuator, chiratidzo chekugadzirisa uye kudzora dunhu, yekutaurirana interface uye magetsi ekupa. Chinangwa chayo ndechekubatanidza kutora, kugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwemashoko mu-multi-functional micro-system, yakabatanidzwa muhombe-scale system, kuitira kuti ivandudze zvikuru chiyero che automation, njere uye kuvimbika kwehurongwa. Iyo sensor yakawanda. Nekuti MEMS inopa hupenyu hutsva kune zvakajairwa zvinhu, ivo vane yavo yedhata nzira dzekufambisa, mabasa ekuchengetedza, masisitimu anoshanda uye akasarudzika maapplication, nekudaro vachigadzira yakakura sensor network. Izvi zvinobvumira iyo Internet yezvinhu kutarisa uye kuchengetedza vanhu kuburikidza nezvinhu. Panyaya yekutyaira wakadhakwa, kana mota nekiyi yekubatidza zvakasimwa nema sensors madiki, zvekuti kana mutyairi akadhakwa aburitsa kiyi yemota, kiyi kuburikidza nekunhuhwirira sensor inogona kuona mhepo yedoro, isina waya chiratidzo chinobva chazivisa motokari "mira kutanga", motokari ichange iri mumamiriro ekuzorora. Panguva imwe cheteyo, “akarayira” nharembozha yomutyairi kutumira mameseji kushamwari dzake nehama dzokunyama, achivazivisa nezvenzvimbo yomutyairi uye achivayeuchidza kubata nazvo nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Iyi ndiyo mhedzisiro yekuve "zvinhu" muInternet yezvinhu zvenyika.

2.3 Muchina-ku-Muchina/Munhu

M2M, ipfupi kune muchina-kune-muchina/Munhu, iinetiweki application uye sevhisi ine hungwaru kupindirana kweMachine terminals semusimboti. Ichaita kuti chinhu chione kutonga kwehungwaru. M2M tekinoroji inosanganisira zvikamu zvishanu zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi: muchina, M2M Hardware, network network, middleware uye application. Zvichienderana ne cloud computing papuratifomu uye nehungwaru network, sarudzo dzinogona kuitwa zvichibva pane data rinowanikwa nesensor network, uye maitiro ezvinhu anogona kuchinjirwa kutonga uye mhinduro. Somuenzaniso, vakwegura pamusha vanopfeka wachi dzakaiswa ma<em>smart sensors, vana vari kune dzimwe nzvimbo vanogona kutarisa BP yevabereki vavo, kurova kwemwoyo kwakagadzikana chero nguva ipi zvayo kuburikidza neserura; Kana muridzi wacho ari pabasa, sensor inovhara yega mvura, magetsi nemagonhi neWindows, uye kutumira mameseji kunharembozha yemuridzi nguva nenguva kuti ataure mamiriro ekuchengetedza.

2.4 Aigona Komputa

Cloud computing ine chinangwa chekubatanidza akati wandei-akaderera-mutengo wekombuta masangano mune yakakwana sisitimu ine simba komputa komputa kuburikidza netiweki, uye kushandisa emhando yepamusoro bhizinesi kuitira kuti vashandisi vekupedzisira vawane aya ane simba masevhisi ekombuta. Imwe yepfungwa dzepakati pemakore computing ndeyekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza kugona kwe "gore", kuderedza mutoro wekugadzirisa weiyo mushandisi terminal, uye pakupedzisira kurerutsa kuita iri nyore yekuisa uye yekuburitsa mudziyo, uye kunakidzwa ine simba komputa uye kugadzirisa kugona. ye "gore" painodiwa. Iyo yekuziva layer yeInternet yezvinhu inowana huwandu hukuru hwe data data, uye mushure mekutapurirana kuburikidza netiweki layer, inoiisa pane yakajairwa chikuva, uyezve inoshandisa yakakwirira-inoshanda cloud computing kuigadzirisa uye kupa idzi data njere, kuitira kuti pakupedzisira uvashandure kuva ruzivo runobatsira kune vashandisi vekupedzisira.

3. Kushandisa

3.1 Smart Home

Smart imba ndiyo yekutanga kushandiswa kweIoT mumba. Nekuzivikanwa kwemasevhisi ebroadband, zvigadzirwa zvepamba zvakangwara zvinobatanidzwa mune zvese zvikamu. Hapana munhu kumba, anogona kushandisa nharembozha uye chimwe chigadzirwa mutengi ari kure mashandiro ehungwaru mhepo yekumisikidza, gadzirisa tembiricha yemukamuri, kunyangwe anogona kudzidza maitiro emushandisi, kuitira kuti uwane otomatiki tembiricha mashandiro, vashandisi vanogona kuenda kumba muchirimo chinopisa. nakidzwa nekunyaradza kwekutonhorera; Kuburikidza nemutengi kuona switch yehungwaru mababu, kudzora kupenya uye ruvara rwema bulbs, nezvimwewo; Socket yakavakirwa-mukati Wifi, inogona kuona iyo kure yekudzora socket nguva pairi kana kudzima ikozvino, kunyange inogona kutarisa mashandisirwo emagetsi emidziyo, kugadzira magetsi chati kuitira kuti iwe ugone kujeka nezve mashandisiro emagetsi, kuronga mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa uye bhajeti; Smart chiyero chekutarisa maitiro ekuita. Makamera akangwara, mahwindo/masensa egonhi, mabhero epagonhi akangwara, zvitsinga zveutsi, maaramu akangwara uye zvimwe midziyo yekutarisa kuchengetedza zvakakosha kumhuri. Iwe unogona kubuda nenguva kuti utarise iyo chaiyo-nguva mamiriro echero kona yeimba chero nguva nenzvimbo, uye chero njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Hupenyu hwepamba hunenge huchiita sehunonetesa hwave kusununguka uye kunaka nekuda kweIoT.

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3.2 Hungwaru Kutakura

Iko kushandiswa kweInternet yeZvinhu tekinoroji mumigwagwa yemigwagwa ine ruzivo rwakakura. Nekufarirwa kuri kuwedzera kwemotokari dzevanhu, kuwandisa kwemotokari kana kutooma mitezo kwazova dambudziko guru mumaguta. Real-time yekutarisa mamiriro emigwagwa yemugwagwa uye kuendesa ruzivo rwenguva kune vatyairi, kuitira kuti vatyairi vaite kugadziridzwa kwekufamba panguva, kunyatsogadzirisa kudzvinyirira kwemotokari; Otomatiki nzira yekuchaja nzira (ETC yepfupi) inomisikidzwa pamharadzano dzemigwagwa, iyo inochengetedza nguva yekuwana nekudzorera kadhi pamusuwo nekubuda uye inovandudza kufamba kwemotokari. Iyo yekumisikidza sisitimu yakaiswa mubhazi inogona kunzwisisa panguva iyo nzira yebhazi uye nguva yekusvika, uye vafambi vanogona kusarudza kufamba zvinoenderana negwara, kuitira kuti vadzivise kutambisa nguva isina kufanira. Nekuwedzera kwemotokari dzevanhu, kunze kwekuunza kumanikidzwa kwemotokari, kupaka kuri kuitawo dambudziko rakakurumbira. Maguta mazhinji akatangisa smart roadside parking management system, iyo yakavakirwa pa cloud computing chikuva uye inosanganisa Internet yeZvinhu tekinoroji uye tekinoroji yekubhadhara nhare kugovera zviwanikwa zvekupaka uye kuvandudza mwero wekushandisa kwekupaka uye nyore mushandisi. Iyo sisitimu inogona kuenderana nenharembozha modhi uye RADIO frequency identification mode. Kuburikidza nenharembozha APP software, inogona kuziva panguva yakakodzera ruzivo rwekupaka uye nzvimbo yekupaka, ita bhurocha pachine nguva uye kuona kubhadhara uye mamwe maoperation, ayo anonyanya kugadzirisa dambudziko re "pakaoma kupaka, yakaoma kupaka".

3.3 Kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu

Mumakore achangopfuura, kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose kunowanzoitika, uye njodzi dzinongoerekana dzaitika uye njodzi dziri kuwedzera. Indaneti inogona kutarisa kusachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza munguva chaiyo, kudzivirira pachine nguva mberi, kupa yambiro nokukurumidza munguva chaiyo uye kutora matanho akakodzera ekuderedza kutyisidzira kwenjodzi kuupenyu hwevanhu nezvinhu. Kare muna 2013, Yunivhesiti yeBuffalo yakaronga chirongwa cheInternet chakadzika-gungwa, chinoshandisa ma sensor akanyatsogadziriswa akaiswa mugungwa rakadzika kuti aongorore mamiriro epasi pemvura, kudzivirira kusvibiswa kweMarine, kuona zviwanikwa zvegungwa, uye kunyange kupa yambiro yakavimbika kune tsunami. Basa racho rakaedzwa zvinobudirira munyanza yomunzvimbomo, zvichipa hwaro hwokumwe kuwedzera. Iyo Internet yezvinhu tekinoroji inogona kuona nehungwaru iyo index data yemhepo, ivhu, sango, zviwanikwa zvemvura uye zvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinoita basa rakakura mukuvandudza nharaunda yekugara kwevanhu.