1. Tsanangudzo

Indaneti yezvinhu (IoT) i "Internet inobatanidza zvese", inova kuwedzera nekuwedzera kweInternet. Inosanganisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunzwa ruzivo nenetwork kuti igadzire network yakakura, zvichiita kuti vanhu, michina nezvinhu zvibatane chero nguva uye chero kupi.

Indaneti yezvinhu chikamu chakakosha chechizvarwa chitsva chetekinoroji yeruzivo. Indasitiri yeIT inonziwo paninterconnection, zvinoreva kubatanidza zvinhu nezvose. Saka, "Indaneti yezvinhu ndiyo Indaneti yezvinhu zvakabatana". Izvi zvine zvazvinoreva zviviri: chekutanga, musimboti nehwaro hweInternet yezvinhu ichiri Indaneti, inova network yakakura uye yakawedzerwa pamusoro peInternet. Chechipiri, divi rayo revatengi rinotambanuka uye rinotambanuka kune chero chinhu chiri pakati pezvinhu zvekuchinjana ruzivo nekutaurirana. Naizvozvo, tsananguro yeInternet yezvinhu ndeyekuburikidza neredhiyo frequency identification, infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS), senge laser scanner information sensing device, zvichienderana nechibvumirano chechibvumirano, kune chero chinhu chakabatana neInternet, information exchange nekutaurirana, kuitira kuti iwane ruzivo rwakangwara, nzvimbo, kuteverwa uye kutarisa uye kutarisira network.

2. Tekinoroji Inokosha

2.1 Kuzivikanwa kweMafambiro eRadio

RFID sisitimu isina waya ine mubvunzi (kana muverengi) uye ma transponder akawanda (kana ma tags). Ma tags anoumbwa nezvinhu zvinobatanidza uye ma chips. Tag yega yega ine kodhi yemagetsi yakasiyana yezvinyorwa zvakatambanudzwa, zvakabatanidzwa kuchinhu kuti zvionekwe chinhu chakanangana nacho. Inotumira ruzivo rwema frequency eredhiyo kumuverengi kuburikidza ne antenna, uye muverengi ndiye mudziyo unoverenga ruzivo. Tekinoroji yeRFID inobvumira zvinhu kuti "zvitaure". Izvi zvinopa Internet yezvinhu mukana wekutevera. Zvinoreva kuti vanhu vanogona kuziva nzvimbo chaiyo yezvinhu nenzvimbo yazvo chero nguva. Vaongorori vezvitoro kuSanford C. Bernstein vanofungidzira kuti iyi Internet of Things RFID inogona kuchengetedza Wal-Mart $8.35 bhiriyoni pagore, yakawanda yacho mumari yevashandi inokonzerwa nekusafanira kutarisa ma code anouya nemaoko. RFID yakabatsira indasitiri yekutengesa kugadzirisa matambudziko maviri makuru ayo: kushaya zvinhu uye kutambisa (zvigadzirwa zvinorasikirwa nekubiwa uye kukanganiswa kwecheni dzekutengesa). Wal-mart inorasikirwa nemadhora angangoita mabhiriyoni maviri pagore nekuda kwekuba chete.

2.2 Masisitimu eMicro – Electro – Mechanical

MEMS inomiririra micro-electro-mechanical Systems. Iyi isystem ye micro-device yakabatanidzwa inoumbwa ne micro-sensor, micro-actuator, signal processing and control circuit, communication interface uye power supply. Chinangwa chayo ndechekubatanidza kuwanikwa, kugadziriswa uye kuitwa kwemashoko mu multi-functional micro-system, yakabatanidzwa mu system yakakura, kuitira kuti ivandudze zvakanyanya mwero we automation, intelligence uye kuvimbika kwe system. Iyi inzwa yakajairika. Nekuti MEMS inopa hupenyu hutsva kuzvinhu zvakajairika, zvine nzira dzadzo dzekutumira data, mabasa ekuchengetedza, masisitimu ekushanda uye maapplication akasarudzika, nokudaro zvichigadzira network hombe ye sensor. Izvi zvinobvumira Internet of Things kutarisa nekudzivirira vanhu kuburikidza nezvinhu. Panyaya yekutyaira wakadhakwa, kana mota nekiyi ye ignition zvikaiswa nema sensor madiki, kuitira kuti kana mutyairi akadhakwa akabvisa kiyi yemotokari, kiyi inopinda ne sensor yekunhuhwirira inogona kuona kunhuwa kwedoro, wireless signal inozivisa mota nekukurumidza "mira kutanga", mota ichave iri mumamiriro ekuzorora. Panguva imwe chete, "akaraira" nharembozha yemutyairi kuti atumire mameseji kushamwari dzake nehama dzake, achivazivisa nezvekwaanogara uye achivayeuchidza kuti vagadzirise nyaya yacho nekukurumidza. Izvi ndizvo zvinoguma nekuve "zvinhu" munyika yeInternet of Things.

2.3 Kuchinjana kweMuchina/Munhu

M2M, muchidimbu zvinoreva kuti machine-to-machine /Man, inetwork application uye sevhisi ine kutaurirana kwakangwara kwemaMachine terminals sepakati. Ichaita kuti chinhu chiite intelligent control. Tekinoroji yeM2M inosanganisira zvikamu zvishanu zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi: muchina, M2M hardware, network yekutaurirana, middleware uye application. Zvichibva pa cloud computing platform uye intelligent network, sarudzo dzinogona kuitwa zvichibva padata rakawanikwa ne sensor network, uye maitiro ezvinhu anogona kuchinjwa kuti vadzore uye vape mhinduro. Semuenzaniso, vakwegura vari kumba vanopfeka mawachi ane smart sensors, vana vari kune dzimwe nzvimbo vanogona kutarisa BP yevabereki vavo, kurova kwemoyo kwakagadzikana chero nguva kuburikidza nefoni; Kana muridzi ari kubasa, sensor inovhara mvura, magetsi nemasuo nemahwindo otomatiki, uye inotumira mameseji kunharembozha yemuridzi nguva nenguva kuti itaure nezvemamiriro ekuchengetedza.

2.4 Kombiyuta Inogona Kushandiswa

Cloud computing ine chinangwa chekubatanidza akawanda emacomputer anodhura zvishoma musystem yakakwana ine kugona kwekombiyuta kwakasimba kuburikidza nenetwork, uye kushandisa mabhizinesi epamusoro kuitira kuti vashandisi vekupedzisira vawane masevhisi aya ane simba ekubata komputa. Imwe yepfungwa huru dze cloud computing ndeyekuvandudza kugona kwe "cloud" nguva dzose, kuderedza mutoro wekugadzirisa we user terminal, uye pakupedzisira kuita nyore kuita mudziyo uri nyore wekupinda nekuburitsa, uye kunakidzwa nekugona kwe "cloud" kwakasimba pakuda. Chikamu chekuziva cheInternet of Things chinowana ruzivo rwakawanda rwedata, uye mushure mekutumirwa kuburikidza ne network layer, chinoiisa papuratifomu yakajairika, uye yobva yashandisa high-performance cloud computing kuigadzirisa uye kupa aya data intelligence, kuitira kuti pakupedzisira ivashandure kuita ruzivo runobatsira kune vashandisi vekupedzisira.

3. Kushandiswa

3.1 Musha Wakangwara

Imba yakangwara ndiyo nzira huru yekushandisa IoT mumba. Nekufarirwa kwemasevhisi eBroadband, zvigadzirwa zvepamba zvakangwara zvinobatanidzwa muzvinhu zvese. Hapana munhu ari kumba, anogona kushandisa nharembozha nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvevatengi, kugadzirisa tembiricha yemumba, kunyange kudzidza maitiro emushandisi, kuitira kuti vagone kudzora tembiricha otomatiki, vashandisi vanogona kuenda kumba muzhizha rinopisa kuti vanakirwe nekutonhorera; Kuburikidza nemutengi kuona shanduko yemabarabhu akangwara, kudzora kupenya neruvara rwemarabhu, nezvimwewo; Wifi yakavakirwa mukati, inogona kuona nguva yekuisa masokisi ekudzora kure kana kudzima magetsi, kunyange kutarisa mashandisirwo esimba remidziyo, kugadzira chati yemagetsi kuitira kuti ugone kujeka nezvekushandiswa kwesimba, kuronga mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa uye bhajeti; Chikero chakangwara chekutarisa mhedzisiro yekurovedza muviri. Makamera akangwara, masensa emahwindo/masuo, mabhero emusuwo akangwara, ma detector eutsi, ma alarm akangwara nezvimwe zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza zvakakosha kumhuri. Unogona kubuda nenguva kuti utarise mamiriro chaiwo ekona chero ipi zvayo yemba chero nguva nenzvimbo, uye chero njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Hupenyu hwemhuri hunoita sehunonetesa hwava kusununguka uye hwakanaka nekuda kweIoT.

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3.2 Kutakura Kwakangwara

Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeInternet of Things mumigwagwa kwakura. Nekuwedzera kukurumbira kwemotokari dzinoshandiswa nevanhu, kuwanda kwemotokari kana kutoita kuti dzisashande zvakanaka kwave dambudziko guru mumaguta. Kutarisa mamiriro emotokari dzinofambiswa nevanhu panguva chaiyo uye kutumira ruzivo kune vatyairi nenguva, kuitira kuti vatyairi vagadzirise kufamba nenguva, zvinobudirira kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemotokari; Sisitimu yekuchaja yemigwagwa otomatiki (ETC muchidimbu) yakagadzirirwa pamharadzano dzemigwagwa mikuru, iyo inochengetedza nguva yekuwana nekudzorera kadhi pamusuwo nekubuda uye inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemotokari. Sisitimu yekumisa yakaiswa mubhazi inogona kunzwisisa nzira yebhazi nenguva, uye vafambi vanogona kusarudza kufamba zvichienderana nenzira, kuitira kudzivirira kutambisa nguva zvisina kufanira. Nekuwedzera kwemotokari dzinoshandiswa nevanhu, kuwedzera pakuunza kumanikidzwa kwemotokari, kupaka mota kuri kuvawo dambudziko guru. Maguta mazhinji akatanga sisitimu yekutarisira nzvimbo dzekupaka mumugwagwa, iyo yakavakirwa papuratifomu ye cloud computing uye inosanganisa tekinoroji yeInternet of Things netekinoroji yekubhadhara mafoni kuti igovane zviwanikwa zvekupaka uye kuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwekupaka uye nyore kwemushandisi. Sisitimu iyi inogona kuenderana nemodhi yefoni uye RADIO frequency identification mode. Kuburikidza nesoftware ye mobile APP, inogona kunzwisisa ruzivo rwekupaka mota nenguva, kubhuka nzvimbo pachine nguva uye kubhadhara pamwe nemamwe mabasa, izvo zvinogadzirisa dambudziko re "kupaka mota kwakaoma, kupaka mota kwakaoma".

3.3 Kuchengetedzwa kweVeruzhinji

Mumakore achangopfuura, kusarongeka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose kunowanzoitika, uye njodzi dzinongoerekana dzaitika uye kukuvadza kuri kuwedzera. Indaneti inogona kutarisa kusachengeteka kwezvakatipoteredza munguva chaiyo, kudzivirira pachine nguva, kupa yambiro nekukurumidza munguva chaiyo uye kutora matanho panguva yakakodzera kuderedza njodzi kuhupenyu hwevanhu nezvinhu. Kare muna 2013, Yunivhesiti kuBuffalo yakaronga chirongwa cheInternet chegungwa rakadzika, icho chinoshandisa masensa akagadziriswa akaiswa mugungwa rakadzika kuti aongorore mamiriro epasi pemvura, kudzivirira kusvibiswa kweMarine, kuona zviwanikwa zvegungwa, uye kunyange kupa yambiro dzakavimbika dzetsunami. Chirongwa ichi chakaedzwa zvinobudirira mudziva remunharaunda, zvichipa hwaro hwekuwedzera. Tekinoroji yeInternet of Things inogona kuona nekuchenjera data re index remhepo, ivhu, sango, zviwanikwa zvemvura nezvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinoita basa guru mukuvandudza nharaunda yekugara kwevanhu.