Maguta akangwara akabatana anounza zviroto zvakanaka. Mumaguta akadaro, matekinoroji edhijitari anosanganisa mabasa akasiyana-siyana ehurumende kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka uye hungwaru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2050, 70% yevanhu vepasi rose vachagara mumaguta akangwara, uko hupenyu huchava hwakanaka, hunofadza uye hwakachengeteka. Chinokosha ndechekuti, inovimbisa kuva girini, chiratidzo chekupedzisira chevanhu pakurwisa kuparadzwa kwepasi.
Asi maguta akangwara ibasa rakaoma. Matekinoroji matsva anodhura, hurumende dzemuno dzakaganhurirwa, uye zvematongerwo enyika zvinoshanduka kuita sarudzo pfupi, zvichiita kuti zviome kuwana nzira yekushandisa tekinoroji inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inoshanda nemari inoshandiswazve mumaguta pasi rose kana munyika yese. Kutaura zvazviri, maguta mazhinji akangwara ari pamusoro penhau anongova muunganidzwa wekuyedza tekinoroji kwakasiyana-siyana uye mapurojekiti emudunhu, pasina zvakawanda zvekutarisira kuwedzera.
Ngatitarisei madumpster nenzvimbo dzekupaka mota, dzakangwara nemasensa nekuongorora; Munyaya iyi, purofiti yekudyara (ROI) yakaoma kuverenga uye kuienzanisa, kunyanya kana masangano ehurumende akapatsanuka zvakanyanya (pakati pemasangano ehurumende nemasangano akazvimirira, pamwe chete nepakati pemataundi, maguta, matunhu nenyika). Tarisa kutarisa hunhu hwemhepo; Zviri nyore sei kuverenga kukanganisa kwemhepo yakachena pamabasa ehutano muguta? Zvinonzwisisika kuti maguta akangwara akaoma kuita, asi zvakaomawo kuramba.
Zvisinei, pane kachiedza kadiki mumhute yekuchinja kwedhijitari. Mwenje yemumigwagwa mumasevhisi ese emakanzuru inopa puratifomu yemaguta yekuwana mabasa akangwara uye kubatanidza maapplication akawanda kekutanga. Tarisa mapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana emwenje yemumigwagwa akangwara ari kuitwa muSan Diego muUS neCopenhagen muDenmark, uye ari kuwedzera muhuwandu. Mapurojekiti aya anosanganisa masensa akasiyana-siyana ane modular hardware units akasungirirwa pamatanda emwenje kuti abvumire kudzora kure kwemwenje pachayo uye kuita mamwe mabasa, akadai se traffic counters, air quality monitors, uye kunyange pfuti detectors.
Kubva pakakwirira pedanda remwenje, maguta atanga kugadzirisa "kugarika" kweguta mumugwagwa, kusanganisira kufamba kwemotokari nekufamba, ruzha nemhepo, uye mikana yebhizinesi iri kubuda. Kunyangwe masensa ekupaka, ayo akajairwa kuva munzvimbo dzekupaka, anogona kubatanidzwa nezvivakwa zvemwenje nemutengo wakaderera uye zvinobudirira. Maguta ese anogona kungoerekana abatanidzwa uye kugadziriswa pasina kuchera migwagwa kana kurenda nzvimbo kana kugadzirisa matambudziko emakombiyuta asina kujeka nezvekugara zvakanaka uye migwagwa yakachengeteka.
Izvi zvinoshanda nekuti, kazhinji, mhinduro dzemwenje dzakangwara hadzina kuverengerwa pakutanga nekutarisa pakuchengetedza mari kubva kumhinduro dzakangwara. Pane kudaro, kushanda kwekuchinja kwedhijitari mumaguta imhaka yetsaona yekuvandudzwa kwemwenje panguva imwe chete.
Kuchengetedza simba kubva pakutsiva mababu eincandescent nemwenje ye LED yakasimba, pamwe chete nemagetsi aripo uye zvivakwa zvemwenje zvakakura, zvinoita kuti maguta akachenjera akwanise kushandiswa.
Kumhanya kwekushandurwa kwe LED kwatove kwakati sandara, uye mwenje wakangwara uri kuwedzera. Inenge 90% yemwenje yemumugwagwa inosvika mamiriyoni 363 pasi rose ichavhenekerwa nema LED panosvika gore ra2027, sekureva kweNortheast Group, nyanzvi yekuongorora zvivakwa zvakangwara. Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chazvo chichashandisawo maapplication akangwara, maitiro akatanga makore mashoma apfuura. Kusvika mari yakawanda uye mapurani aburitswa, mwenje yemumugwagwa ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera se network infrastructure ye tekinoroji dzakasiyana-siyana dzedhijitari mumaguta makuru akangwara.
Chengetedza mutengo we LED
Zvinoenderana nemitemo yakakurudzirwa nevagadziri vemwenje nemasensa, magetsi akangwara anogona kuderedza mari yekutarisira nekugadzirisa zvivakwa ne50 kusvika 70 muzana. Asi mari yakawanda iyoyo (inenge 50 muzana, yakakwana kuita mutsauko) inogona kuwanikwa nekungoshandisa mababu e LED asingashandise simba zvakanyanya. Mari yasara inobva pakubatanidza nekudzora magirazi uye kupa ruzivo rwakangwara nezve mashandiro aanoita pane network yemwenje.
Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo imwe chete uye kucherechedza chete kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekugadzirisa. Kune nzira dzakawanda, uye dzinobatsirana: kuronga nguva, kudzora mwaka uye kugadzirisa nguva; Kuongororwa kwezvikanganiso uye kuderera kwekupinda kwemotokari dzekugadzirisa. Kukanganisa kunowedzera nehukuru hwe network yemwenje uye kunodzokera kunyaya yekutanga yeROI. Musika unoti nzira iyi inogona kuzvibhadhara mumakore angangoita mashanu, uye ine mukana wekuzvibhadhara munguva pfupi nekuisa pfungwa "dzakapfava" dzeguta rakangwara, dzakadai sedzine masensa ekupaka, mamonita etraffic, kudzora mhando yemhepo uye ma detector epfuti.
Guidehouse Insights, nyanzvi yekuongorora musika, inoteedzera maguta anopfuura mazana maviri kuti ione kumhanya kwekuchinja; inoti chikamu chimwe muzvina chemaguta chiri kutanga zvirongwa zvemwenje wakangwara. Kutengeswa kwemasisitimu akangwara kuri kukwira. ABI Research inoverenga kuti mari inowanikwa pasi rose ichakwira kagumi kusvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni 1.7 panosvika 2026. "Nguva yemagirobhu emwenje" epasi yakaita seizvi; zvivakwa zvemwenje yemigwagwa, zvine hukama zvakanyanya nemabasa evanhu, ndiyo nzira yekufambira mberi sepuratifomu yemaguta akangwara mune imwe nzvimbo yakakura. Kubva muna 2022, zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvishandiso zvitsva zvemwenje yemigwagwa zvichabatanidzwa nepuratifomu yekutarisira pakati kuti ibatanidze data kubva kumasensa akawanda emaguta akangwara, ABI yakadaro.
Adarsh Krishnan, muongorori mukuru weABI Research, akati: "Kune mikana yakawanda yebhizinesi kune vatengesi vemaguta vakangwara vanoshandisa zvivakwa zvemagetsi mumaguta nekushandisa waya dzekubatanidza, masensa ezvakatipoteredza uye kunyange makamera akangwara. Dambudziko nderekuwana mamodheru ebhizinesi anoshanda anokurudzira nzanga kushandisa mhinduro dzemasensa akawanda zvakanyanya nenzira isingadhuri."
Mubvunzo hausisiri wekuti tobatana here, asi kuti tobatana sei, uye kuti tobatana zvakadii pakutanga. Sezvakataurwa naKrishnan, chikamu cheizvi chiri pamusoro pemabhizinesi, asi mari iri kutopinda mumaguta akangwara kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemakambani ekubatsirana (PPP), uko makambani akazvimirira anotora njodzi yemari kuti abudirire mubhizinesi. Zvibvumirano zve "as-a-service" zvakavakirwa pakunyorera zvakaparadzira mari munguva dzekubhadhara, izvo zvakakurudzirawo basa.
Kusiyana neizvi, marambi emumugwagwa muEurope ari kubatanidzwa kune network dzechinyakare dzehoneycomb (kazhinji 2G kusvika kuLTE (4G)) pamwe nemudziyo mutsva weHONEYCOMB Iot standard, LTE-M. Tekinoroji yeproprietary ultra-narrowband (UNB) iri kuuyawo kushanda, pamwe chete neZigbee, kadiki kadiki keBluetooth ine simba shoma, uye IEEE 802.15.4 derivatives.
Bluetooth Technology Alliance (SIG) inonyanya kukoshesa maguta akangwara. Boka iri rinofanotaura kuti kutumira kweBluetooth ine simba shoma mumaguta akangwara kuchakura kashanu mumakore mashanu anotevera, kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu pagore. Mazhinji acho akabatana nekutevera midziyo munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, dzakadai senhandare dzendege, nhandare dzemitambo, zvipatara, nzvimbo dzekutenga nemamiziyamu. Zvisinei, Bluetooth ine simba shoma yakananganawo ne network dzekunze. "Mhinduro yekugadzirisa midziyo inovandudza kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemaguta akangwara uye inobatsira kuderedza mari yekushanda mumaguta," yakadaro Bluetooth Technology Alliance.
Kusanganiswa KwemaTekiniki Aviri Aya Kuri Nani!
Tekinoroji yega yega ine makakatanwa ayo, zvisinei, mamwe acho akagadziriswa mukukakavadzana. Semuenzaniso, UNB inopa miganho yakaoma pakubhadhara mutoro uye nguva yekutumira, ichibvisa rutsigiro rwakafanana kune akawanda masensa kana kune maapplication akadai semakamera anoda izvozvo. Tekinoroji yekukurumidza yakachipa uye inopa mukana wakakura wekugadzira mwenje sepuratifomu. Zvakakosha, dzinogonawo kutamba basa rekuchengetedza kana chiratidzo cheWAN chikabviswa, uye dzinopa nzira yekuti mainjiniya vaverenge masensa zvakananga kuti vagadzirise matambudziko uye vaongorore. Bluetooth ine simba shoma, semuenzaniso, inoshanda nemafoni ese ari pamusika.
Kunyange zvazvo grid denser ichigona kuwedzera kusimba, magadzirirwo ayo anova akaoma uye anoisa simba rakawanda pamasensa akabatana. Kupararira kwesimba remagetsi kunonetsawo; Kufukidza uchishandisa Zigbee neBluetooth ine simba shoma kunongova mamita mashoma chete. Kunyangwe matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana epfupi achikwikwidzana uye akakodzera masensa epedyo, ari pedyo, network dzakavharwa dzinozopedzisira dzada kushandiswa kwemagedhi kutumira masaini kudzokera kugore.
Kubatanidza huchi hwemukoko kunowanzo wedzerwa pakupedzisira. Vatengesi vemagetsi akangwara vanoshandisa nzira yekubatanidza huchi hwemukoko kubva pakona kuenda kugore kuti vape nzvimbo yekuvhara gateway kana sensor device iri kure nemakiromita mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu. Tekinoroji yeBeehive inounza huwandu hwakakura hwekutumira zvinhu uye nyore; Inopawo network isiri yepamhepo uye kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya, sekureva kwenharaunda yeHive.
Neill Young, mukuru weInternet of Things Vertical kuGSMA, sangano rinomiririra makambani enharembozha, akati: “Makambani eAction… ane zvese zvinodiwa munzvimbo yese, saka haadi zvimwe zvinhu zvekubatanidza mwenje yemumaguta nemasensa. Munzvimbo ine rezinesi, network yehoneycomb ine kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika, zvinoreva kuti mushandi ane mamiriro akanakisa, anogona kutsigira zvinodiwa zvakawanda, hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakareba uye kuchengetedza kushoma uye daro refu rekutumira michina inodhura.”
Pamatekinoroji ese ekubatanidza aripo, HONEYCOMB ichaona kukura kukuru mumakore anotevera, sekureva kweABI. Kukurukurirana pamusoro pema network e5G uye kurwira kugamuchira zvivakwa zve5G kwakaita kuti vashandi vatore danda remwenje vozadza mayunitsi madiki euchi munzvimbo dzemaguta. MuUnited States, Las Vegas neSacramento vari kuisa LTE ne5G, pamwe nemasensa eguta akangwara, pamwenje yemumugwagwa kuburikidza nemakambani eAT&T neVerizon. Hong Kong ichangobva kuburitsa hurongwa hwekuisa marambi mazana mana e5G sechikamu chechirongwa chayo cheguta rakangwara.
Kubatanidzwa Kwakasimba kweHardware
Nielsen akawedzera kuti: “Nordic inopa zvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvemhando pfupi uye refu, nenRF52840 SoC yayo inotsigira Bluetooth ine simba shoma, Bluetooth Mesh neZigbee, pamwe neThread uye masisitimu e2.4ghz. Nordic's Honeycomb based nRF9160 SiP inopa rutsigiro rweLTE-M neNB-iot. Kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji mbiri idzi kunounza kushanda uye mabhenefiti emutengo.”
Kupatsanurwa kwema frequency kunoita kuti masystem aya ashande pamwe chete, ekutanga achishanda mubhendi re 2.4ghz risina mvumo uye ekupedzisira achishanda chero kupi zvako kuri LTE. Pama frequency akaderera neakakwira, pane kutengeserana pakati pekufukidzwa kwenzvimbo yakakura uye kugona kukuru kwekutumira. Asi mumapuratifomu emwenje, tekinoroji ye wireless ye short-range inowanzo shandiswa kubatanidza ma sensor, edge computing power inoshandiswa pakucherechedza nekuongorora, uye honeycomb iot inoshandiswa kutumira data ku cloud, pamwe ne sensor control yemazinga ekuchengetedza akakwira.
Kusvika pari zvino, maredhiyo maviri eredhiyo ari kure neredhiyo refu akawedzerwa zvakasiyana, asina kuiswa musilicon chip imwe chete. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvikamu zvacho zvakaparadzaniswa nekuti kukundikana kweinjini, sensor neredhiyo zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, kubatanidza maredhiyo maviri musystem imwe chete kuchaita kuti tekinoroji isanganisirwe zvakanyanya uye kuderedza mari yekutenga, izvo zvinhu zvakakosha pamaguta akangwara.
Nordic inofunga kuti musika uri kufamba nenzira iyoyo. Kambani iyi yakabatanidza matekinoroji ekubatanidza e-wireless uye honeycomb IoT mumidziyo yemagetsi nesoftware padanho revagadziri kuitira kuti vagadziri vemhinduro vagone kumhanyisa maviri aya panguva imwe chete mumapurogiramu ekuyedza. Bhodhi reNordic reDK renRF9160 SiP rakagadzirirwa vagadziri kuti "vaite kuti maapplication avo eHoneycomb iot ashande"; Nordic Thingy:91 yakatsanangurwa se "gedhi rakazara risingashandiswi" rinogona kushandiswa sepuratifomu yeprototyping kana proof-of-the-concept yemagadzirirwo ekutanga ezvigadzirwa.
Ose ari maviri ane multi-mode honeycomb nRF9160 SiP uye multi-protocol short-range nRF52840 SoC. Masisitimu akasungirirwa anosanganisa matekinoroji maviri ekushandiswa kweIoT yekutengeserana ari "mwedzi" chete kubva pakutengeswa, sekureva kweNordic.
Nordic Nielsen akati: "Chikuva chemagetsi emagetsi eguta chakagadzirwa tekinoroji iyi yekubatanidza; musika uri pachena kuti ungazvibatanidza sei pamwe chete, takapa mhinduro kune bhodhi rekugadzira vagadziri, kuti tiedze mashandiro adzo pamwe chete. Zvinobatanidzwa mumhinduro dzebhizinesi zvakakosha, munguva pfupi iri kutevera."
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-29-2022