Akabatana akangwara maguta anounza zviroto zvakanaka. Mumaguta akadai, matekinoroji edhijitari anoruka pamwechete akati wandei akasiyana mabasa evagari kuti avandudze kushanda zvakanaka uye hungwaru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika 2050, 70% yehuwandu hwepasi rose ichagara mumaguta akangwara, umo hupenyu huchange hune hutano, hunofara uye hwakachengeteka. Sezvineiwo, inovimbisa kuve yakasvibira, yekupedzisira yehwamanda yemunhu kurwisa kuparadzwa kwepasi.
Asi maguta akangwara ibasa rakaoma. Tekinoroji hutsva hunodhura, hurumende dzemuno dzinomanikidzwa, uye zvematongerwo enyika zvinoshanduka kuita mavhoti mapfupi esarudzo, zvichiita kuti zviome kuwana iyo inoshanda zvakanyanya uye ine mari inobudirira yepakati tekinoroji deployment modhi iyo inoshandiswazve munzvimbo dzemadhorobha pasi rose kana munyika. Muchokwadi, mazhinji emaguta anotungamira akangwara mumisoro ingori muunganidzwa weakasiyana tekinoroji kuyedza uye edunhu mapurojekiti eparutivi, asina zvishoma zvekutarisira kuwedzera.
Ngatitarisei madumpsters uye nzvimbo dzekupaka, dzakangwara dzine masensa uye analytics; Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kudzoka pakudyara (ROI) kwakaoma kuverenga uye kuenzanisa, kunyanya kana masangano ehurumende akapatsanurwa (pakati pemasangano ehurumende nemasevhisi akazvimirira, pamwe nepakati pemataundi, maguta, matunhu nenyika). Tarisa kutarisa kwehutano hwemhepo; Zviri nyore sei kuverenga kukanganisa kwemhepo yakachena pamabasa ehutano muguta? Zvine musoro, maguta akachenjera akaoma kushandisa, asiwo zvakaoma kuramba.
Pane, zvisinei, kupenya kwechiedza mumhute yekuchinja kwedhijitari. Kuvhenekera kwemumugwagwa mumasevhisi ese emakanzuru kunopa chikuva kumaguta kuwana akangwara mabasa uye kusanganisa akawanda maapplication kekutanga. Tarisa kune akasiyana mapurojekiti emwenje emumigwagwa ari kuitwa muSan Diego kuUS neCopenhagen kuDenmark, uye ari kuwedzera muhuwandu. Aya mapurojekiti anosanganisa mitsara yemasensa ane modular hardware mauniti akaiswa pamwenje mapango kubvumira kure kudzora kwemwenje wega uye kuita mamwe mabasa, senge traffic counter, mamonitor emhando yemhepo, uye kunyange madetector epfuti.
Kubva pakakwirira pedanda rechiedza, maguta akatanga kugadzirisa "kurarama" kweguta mumugwagwa, kusanganisira kufamba kwemotokari uye kufamba, ruzha uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye mikana yebhizimisi inobuda. Kunyangwe ma sensors ekupaka, echinyakare akavigwa munzvimbo dzekupaka, anogona kuve akachipa uye akanyatsobatanidzwa kune zvivakwa zvemwenje. Maguta ese anogona kuerekana aiswa network nekugadziridzwa pasina kuchera migwagwa kana kurenda nzvimbo kana kugadzirisa abstract computing matambudziko nezvekugara kune hutano uye migwagwa yakachengeteka.
Izvi zvinoshanda nekuti, kazhinji, mhinduro dzemwenje dzakangwara hadzina kuverengerwa nebheti pakuchengetedza kubva kune smart mhinduro. Panzvimbo iyoyo, kugona kweiyo dhijitari shanduko yedhorobha itsaona mhedzisiro yekuvandudzwa kwemwenje panguva imwe chete.
Iko kuchengetwa kwesimba kubva pakutsiva incandescent bulbs ine solid-state LED mwenje, pamwe chete nemagetsi anowanikwa zviri nyore uye yakakura mwenje zvivakwa, inoita kuti maguta akangwara agoneke.
Kumhanya kwekushandurwa kwe LED kwatove kwakapfava, uye mwenje wakangwara uri kuwedzera. Zvingangoita makumi mapfumbamwe muzana emamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nematatu emagetsi epasi rose emagetsi emumigwagwa achavhenekerwa nevanotungamira panosvika 2027, sekureva kweNortheast Group, muongorori wezvivakwa. Chikamu chetatu chavo chichamhanyisawo smart application, maitiro akatanga makore mashoma apfuura. Kusvikira mari yakawanda uye mablueprints zvaburitswa, mwenje wemumugwagwa wakanyatsokodzera setiweki zvivakwa zveakasiyana matekinoroji edhijitari mumaguta makuru akangwara.
Sevha mutengo we LED
Zvinoenderana nemirairo yezvigunwe zvinokurudzirwa nemwenje uye vagadziri ve sensor, kuvhenekesa kwakangwara kunogona kuderedza zvivakwa zvine chekuita nekutonga nekugadzirisa mutengo ne50 kusvika 70 muzana. Asi mari zhinji idzo dzakachengetwa (dzinenge makumi mashanu muzana, dzakakwana kuita mutsauko) dzinogona kuitika nekuchinjira kumagirobhu e LED asingashande. Imwe yese yakasara inobva pakubatanidza nekudzora zvivheneko uye kupfuudza ruzivo rwehungwaru nezve mashandisiro avanoita pane network yekuvhenekesa.
Kugadziriswa kwepakati uye kucherechedzwa chete kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yekuchengetedza. Kune nzira dzakawanda, uye dzinopindirana: kuronga, kutonga kwemwaka uye kugadzirisa nguva; Mhosva yekuongorora uye kuderedzwa kwekuchengetedza marori kuenda. Mhedzisiro inowedzera nehukuru hwetiweki yekuvhenekesa uye inoyerera ichidzokera mune yekutanga ROI kesi. Musika uyu unoti nzira iyi inogona kuzvibhadharira mukati memakore angangoita mashanu, uye inokwanisa kuzvibhadharira munguva shoma nekubatanidza “yakapfava” pfungwa dzeguta dzakapfava, dzakadai seaya ane ma sensor ekupaka, mamonitor emumigwagwa, kudzora mhando yemhepo uye ma detectors epfuti. .
Guidehouse Insights, muongorori wemusika, anoteedzera anopfuura maguta mazana maviri kuti aone mafambiro ekuchinja; Inoti chikamu chimwe muzvina chemaguta chiri kuburitsa zvirongwa zvemwenje zvekuchenjera. Kutengeswa kweakangwara masisitimu kuri kuwedzera. ABI Research inofungidzira kuti mari yepasi rose ichakwira zvakapetwa kagumi kusvika pamabhiriyoni 1,7 panosvika 2026. “Nguva yegirobhu” yepasi yakaita seizvi; Zvivakwa zvekuvhenekesa mumigwagwa, izvo zvine hukama zvakanyanya nezviitiko zvevanhu, ndiyo nzira yekumberi sepuratifomu yemaguta akangwara munzvimbo yakafara. Kubva muna 2022, zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvitsva zvemwenje zvemumigwagwa zvichange zvakasungirirwa kune yepakati manejimendi papuratifomu kubatanidza data kubva kune akawanda smart city sensors, ABI yakati.
Adarsh Krishnan, muongorori mukuru kuABI Research, akati: "Kune mimwe mikana mizhinji yebhizinesi kune vakangwara vatengesi vemaguta vanokwidziridza madhorobha emagetsi nekuisa waya yekubatanidza, masensa ezvemamiriro ekunze uye kunyangwe makamera akangwara. Dambudziko nderekutsvaga mabhizinesi emhando dzinokurudzira nzanga kuti itumire mhinduro dzemasensor akawanda pamwero nenzira inodhura. "
Mubvunzo hausisiri wekubatanidza, asi sei, uye yakawanda sei yekubatanidza pakutanga. Sekuona Krishnan, chikamu cheizvi ndezvemhando dzebhizinesi, asi mari yave kutoyerera ichipinda mumaguta akangwara kuburikidza nemubatanidzwa utility privatization (PPP), uko makambani akazvimirira anotora njodzi yemari mukudzoka kwekubudirira mune venture capital. Kunyoreswa-kwakavakirwa "se-se-sevhisi" zvibvumirano zvakaparadzira mari panguva yekubhadhara, izvo zvakakurudzirawo chiitiko.
Kusiyana neizvi, Maraiti emumugwagwa muEurope ari kubatanidzwa kune echinyakare network yehuchi (kazhinji 2G kusvika LTE (4G)) pamwe neiyo HONEYCOMB Iot dhizaini itsva, LTE-M. Proprietary Ultra-narrowband (UNB) tekinoroji iri kuuya zvakare kutamba, pamwe neZigbee, kupararira kudiki kweLow-power Bluetooth, uye IEEE 802.15.4 derivatives.
Iyo Bluetooth Technology Alliance (SIG) inoisa zvakanyanya kukoshesa kumaguta akangwara. Boka rinofanotaura kuti kutumirwa kweiyo yakaderera-simba Bluetooth mumaguta akangwara ichakura zvakapetwa kashanu mumakore mashanu anotevera, kusvika 230 miriyoni pagore. Zvakawanda zvine chekuita nekuronda midziyo munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, dzakadai senhandare dzendege, nhandare, zvipatara, zvitoro nemamuseum. Nekudaro, yakaderera-simba Bluetooth zvakare yakanangwa kune ekunze network. "Kugadziriswa kweasset management kunovandudza mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa zveguta rakangwara uye kunobatsira kudzikisira mitengo yekushandisa mumadhorobha," Bluetooth Technology Alliance yakadaro.
Musanganiswa weMatekiniki Maviri Zvirinani!
Imwe neimwe tekinoroji ine makakatanwa ayo, zvisinei, mamwe ayo akagadziriswa mukupokana. Semuyenzaniso, UNB inokurudzira kuomesesa miganhu pakubhadhara uye kuunza mashedhi, ichibvisa kuenderana kwakafanana kune akawanda sensor application kana yezvishandiso zvakaita semakamera anoida. Ipfupi-renji tekinoroji yakachipa uye inopa yakakura yekufambisa yekugadzira mwenje se-a-platform Settings. Zvakakosha, ivo vanogona zvakare kuita basa rekuchengetedza muchiitiko cheWAN chiratidzo chekudimburwa, uye nekupa nzira yekuti matekinoroji averenge masensa zvakanangana nekugadzirisa uye kuongororwa. Yakaderera-simba Bluetooth, semuenzaniso, inoshanda pamwe nechero smartphone pamusika.
Kunyangwe iyo denser grid inogona kuwedzera kusimba, dhizaini yayo inova yakaoma uye inoisa yakakwirira simba rinodiwa pane yakabatana point-to-point sensors. Transmission range inewo dambudziko; Kuvhara uchishandisa Zigbee uye Low-simba Bluetooth inongova mazana mashoma emamita zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe akasiyana-siyana epfupi-renji tekinoroji ari kukwikwidza uye akanyatsokodzera grid-based, vavakidzani-wide sensors, iwo akavharika network ayo anozopedzisira achida kushandiswa kwemasuwo ekufambisa masaini kumashure kune gore.
Kubatana kwehuchi kunowanzowedzerwa pamagumo. Maitiro evatengesi vekuvhenekesa vakangwara kushandisa point-to-cloud honeycomb yekubatanidza kupa 5 kusvika 15 km chinhambwe gedhi kana sensor mudziyo wekuvhara. Beehive tekinoroji inounza yakakura kutapurirana huwandu uye nyore; Inopawo off-the-sherufu networking uye yakakwira nhanho yekuchengetedza, maererano nenharaunda yeHive.
Neill Young, mukuru weInternet yeZvinhu Vertical kuGSMA, bato reindasitiri rinomiririra nharembozha, akati: "Vashandi vezviito ... vane kuvharwa kwese kwenzvimbo, saka hazvidi zvimwe zvivakwa zvekubatanidza magetsi emudhorobha nemasensa. . Munetiweki yehuchi ine rezinesi ine chengetedzo uye yakavimbika, zvinoreva kuti mushandisi ane mamiriro akanakisa, anogona kutsigira huwandu hukuru hwezvido hupenyu hwakareba hwebhatiri uye kushomeka kwekugadzirisa uye kureba kwekufambisa chinhambwe chemidziyo inodhura. "
Pakati pese tekinoroji yekubatanidza iripo, HONEYCOMB ichaona kukura kukuru mumakore anotevera, maererano neABI. Iyo buzz nezve 5G network uye scramble yekugamuchira 5G zvivakwa zvakurudzira vashandisi kuti vabate danda remwenje uye vazadze madiki emuzinga munzvimbo dzemudhorobha. MuUnited States, Las Vegas neSacramento vari kuendesa LTE uye 5G, pamwe chete nemagetsi emaguta akachenjera, pamagetsi emumugwagwa kuburikidza nevatakuri AT&T uye Verizon. Hong Kong ichangobva kuburitsa hurongwa hwekuisa 400 5G-inogonesa marambi sechikamu chehurongwa hwayo hweguta.
Kubatanidzwa kwakasimba kweHardware
Nielsen akawedzera kuti: "Nordic inopa akawanda-modhi mapfupi-renji uye-refu-renji zvigadzirwa, ine nRF52840 SoC inotsigira yakaderera simba Bluetooth, Bluetooth Mesh uye Zigbee, pamwe neTread uye proprietary 2.4ghz masisitimu. Nordic's Honeycomb yakavakirwa nRF9160 SiP inopa zvese LTE-M uye NB-iot rutsigiro. Iko kusanganiswa kwematekinoroji maviri kunounza kuita uye mutengo wakanaka. "
Frequency kupatsanurwa kunobvumira masisitimu aya kuti avepo, neaimbova achimhanya mubhendi-yemahara 2.4ghz bhendi uye yekupedzisira ichimhanya chero panowanikwa LTE. Pama frequency akadzika uye akakwira, pane kutengeserana pakati penzvimbo yakafararira uye yakakura kutapurirana simba. Asi mumapuratifomu ekuvhenekesa, pfupi-renji isina waya tekinoroji inowanzo shandiswa kubatanidza masensa, edge komputa simba rinoshandiswa pakuona uye kuongorora, uye huchi iot inoshandiswa kutumira data kumakore, pamwe nekudzora sensor kune yakakwirira mazinga ekugadzirisa.
Parizvino, iwo maviri epfupi-renji uye marefu-redhiyo akawedzerwa zvakasiyana, asina kuvakwa mune imwecheteyo silicon chip. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvikamu zvinopatsanurwa nekuti kutadza kwechiedza, sensor uye redhiyo zvakasiyana. Nekudaro, kubatanidza maredhiyo maviri mune imwechete sisitimu kunozokonzeresa yepedyo yekubatanidza tekinoroji uye kuderera kwemitengo yekutora, izvo zvinonyanya kufunga nezvemaguta akangwara.
Nordic inofunga kuti musika uri kufamba munzira iyoyo. Iyo kambani yakabatanidza mapfupi-renji isina waya uye huchi IoT yekubatanidza matekinoroji muhardware uye software padanho rekuvandudza kuitira kuti vagadziri vemhinduro vamhanye vaviri panguva imwe chete mukuedza maapplication. Nordic's board DK ye nRF9160 SiP yakagadzirirwa vagadziri kuti "vaite kuti zvikumbiro zvavo zveHoneycomb iot zvishande"; Nordic Thingy: 91 yakatsanangurwa se "yakazara-yakazara kubva pasherufu gedhi" iyo inogona kushandiswa seyekunze-pasherufu prototyping chikuva kana humbowo-hwe-pfungwa yepakutanga zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa.
Ose ari maviri anoratidzira akawanda-modhi muzinga nRF9160 SiP uye akawanda-protocol pfupi-renji nRF52840 SoC. Akamisikidzwa masisitimu anosanganisa maviri matekinoroji ekutengesa IoT deployments angori "mwedzi" kure nekutengesa, maererano neNordic.
Nordic Nielsen akati: “smart city lighting platform yakaiswa yese iyi yekubatanidza tekinoroji; musika wakanyatsojeka nzira yekuvasanganisa pamwe chete, isu takapa mhinduro kune vanogadzira bhodhi rekuvandudza, kuti vaedze kuti vanoshanda sei pamwe chete. Izvo zvinosanganiswa kuita zvigadziriso zvebhizinesi zvakakosha, mune imwe nyaya yenguva. "
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-29-2022