Yekutanga: Ulink Media
Munyori: 旸谷
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kambani yeDutch semiconductor NXP, pamwe chete nekambani yeGerman Lateration XYZ, yakawana mukana wekuwana nzvimbo chaiyo yezvimwe zvinhu zveUWB nemidziyo vachishandisa tekinoroji ye ultra-wideband. Iyi mhinduro itsva inounza mikana mitsva yezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa zvinoda nzvimbo chaiyo uye kuteverwa, zvichiratidza kufambira mberi kwakakosha munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yeUWB.
Kutaura zvazviri, kunyatsojeka kweUWB centimeter level, munyaya yekuisa zvinhu panzvimbo kwakaitwa nekukurumidza, uye kudhura kwakanyanya kwehardware kunoitawo kuti vashandisi nevapi vemhinduro vaomerwe nemusoro panyaya yekugadzirisa matambudziko emutengo nekushandisa. Panguva ino "kukwira" kusvika padanho re millimeter, zvinodikanwa here? Uye UWB ye millimeter level ichaunza mikana ipi yemusika?
Sei zvakaoma kusvika paUWB yechiyero che milimita?
Senzira yekunyatsoongorora, kunyatsoongorora, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya, UWB inoisa zvinhu mukati inogona kusvika pakururama kwemamirimita kana kunyange micrometer, asi pakushandiswa kwayo chaiko, yakagara padanho remasendimita kwenguva yakareba, kunyanya nekuda kwezvinhu zvinotevera zvinokanganisa kururama chaiko kweUWB:
1. Kukanganisa kwemaitiro ekuisa sensor pakurongeka kwenzvimbo
Mukugadzirisa kwakanyatsojeka kwekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, kuwedzera kwenhamba yemasensa kunoreva kuwedzera kweruzivo rwakawandisa, uye ruzivo rwakawanda rwakawandisa runogona kuderedza kukanganisa kwenzvimbo. Zvisinei, kururama kwenzvimbo hakuwedzeri nemasensa akanakisa, uye kana nhamba yemasensa yawedzerwa kusvika kune imwe nhamba, mupiro wekururama kwenzvimbo hausi mukuru nekuwedzera kwemasensa. Uye kuwedzera kwenhamba yemasensa kunoreva kuti mutengo wemidziyo unowedzera. Saka, nzira yekuwana chiyero pakati pehuwandu hwemasensa nekururama kwenzvimbo, uye nokudaro kuiswa kwemasensa eUWB zvine musoro ndiyo inonyanya kutsvagurudza pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwemasensa pakururama kwenzvimbo.
2. Kupesvedzera kwemhedzisiro yemultipath
Zviratidzo zveUWB zve ultra-wideband positioning zvinoratidzwa uye zvinodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze akakomberedza akadai semadziro, magirazi, uye zvinhu zvemukati zvakaita sema desktops panguva yekupararira, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro ye multipath. Chiratidzo chinochinja mukunonoka, amplitude, uye phase, izvo zvinoguma nekuderera kwesimba uye kudzikira kwechiratidzo-ku-ruzha, zvichiita kuti chiratidzo chekutanga chasvika chisakananga, zvichikonzera zvikanganiso zvekusiyana uye kudzikira kwe positioning accuracy. Naizvozvo, kudzvinyirirwa kunobudirira kwe multipath effect kunogona kuvandudza positioning accuracy, uye nzira dziripo dzekudzvinyirirwa multipath dzinosanganisira MUSIC, ESPRIT, uye edge detection techniques.
3. Mhedzisiro yeNLOS
Kupararira kwemutsara wekuona (LOS) ndicho chinhu chekutanga, uye chinodiwa kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti mhinduro dzekuyerwa kwechiratidzo dzakarurama, kana mamiriro ari pakati penzvimbo inofambiswa nechiteshi chepasi asingakwanise kuzadzikiswa, kupararira kwechiratidzo kunogona kungopedzwa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu asiri ekuona akadai se refraction uye diffraction. Panguva ino, nguva yekusvika kwekutanga kwemoyo haimiriri kukosha kweTOA, uye kutungamira kwekusvika kwekutanga kwemoyo hakusi kukosha kwechokwadi kweAOA, izvo zvinozokonzera kukanganisa kumwe kwenzvimbo. Parizvino, nzira huru dzekubvisa kukanganisa kusiri kwemoyo ndeye Wylie method uye correlation emotion method.
4. Kukanganisa kwemuviri wemunhu pakurongeka kwenzvimbo
Chikamu chikuru chemuviri wemunhu imvura, mvura iri paUWB wireless pulse signal ine simba guru rekutora, zvichikonzera kuderedza simba rechiratidzo, kuchinja ruzivo, uye kukanganisa mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yekuisa chiratidzo.
5. Kukanganisa kwekupinda kwechiratidzo kuchiderera
Chero kupinzwa kwechiratidzo kuburikidza nemadziro nezvimwe zvinhu kuchadzikira, UWB haisi imwe nzira. Kana nzvimbo yeUWB ichipinda mumadziro ezvidhinha akajairwa, chiratidzo chichadzikira nehafu. Kuchinja kwenguva yekutumira chiratidzo nekuda kwekupinda kwemadziro kuchakanganisawo kururama kwenzvimbo yacho.
Nekuda kwemuviri wemunhu, kupinda kwechiratidzo kunounzwa nekururama kwekukanganisa kwakaoma kunzvenga, NXP nekambani yeGerman LaterationXYZ vachashandisa mhinduro dzekugadzirisa masensa dzekuvandudza tekinoroji yeUWB, hapana kuratidzwa kwakananga kwemhedzisiro itsva, ndinogona kungoburitswa kubva pawebhusaiti yepamutemo yeNXP yapfuura kuti ndiite fungidziro yakakodzera.
Nezvekukurudzira kuvandudza kururama kweUWB, ndinotenda kuti iyi ndiyo yekutanga NXP semutambi weUWB anotungamira pasi rose wekubata nevagadziri vemukati vekuvandudza kukuru mumamiriro ezvinhu matsva uye kudzivirira kwehunyanzvi. Mushure mezvose, tekinoroji yeUWB iripo ichiri muchikamu chekusimudzira, uye mutengo unoenderana, mashandisirwo, uye chiyero hazvisati zvagadzikana, panguva ino, vagadziri vemukati vari kunetseka zvakanyanya nezvezvigadzirwa zveUWB nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti zviwanikwe uye zvipararire, zvitore musika, hazvina nguva yekufunga nezvekururama kweUWB kuti zvivandudze hunyanzvi. NXP, semumwe wevatambi vepamusoro mumunda weUWB, ine ecosystem yakazara yezvigadzirwa pamwe nemakore mazhinji ekurima kwakadzika kwesimba rehunyanzvi rakaunganidzwa, zviri nyore kuita hunyanzvi hweUWB.
Chechipiri, NXP panguva ino yakanangana neUWB ine mwero we millimeter, inoonawo mukana usingaperi wekuvandudzwa kweUWB mune ramangwana uye ine chokwadi chekuti kuvandudzwa kwekunyatsojeka kuchaunza mashandisirwo matsva kumusika.
Mukufunga kwangu, kubudirira kweUWB kucharamba kuchivandudzwa nekuvandudzwa kwe "zvivakwa zvitsva" zve5G, uye kuwedzera kukosha kwayo mukuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri kwe5G smart empowerment.
Kare, mu network ye2G/3G/4G, mamiriro ekuisa nharembozha ainyanya kutarisa pakufona kwekukurumidzira, kupinda munzvimbo zviri pamutemo, uye mamwe maapplication, zvinodiwa pakunyatsoona nzvimbo hazvina kukwira, zvichibva pakururama kweCell ID kubva pamamita makumi kusvika kumazana emamita. Kunyange zvazvo 5G ichishandisa nzira itsva dzekunyora makodhi, kubatanidza beam, ma antenna arrays makuru, millimeter wave spectrum, uye mamwe matekinoroji, bandwidth yayo yakakura uye antenna array tekinoroji, inopa hwaro hwekuyera daro rakarurama uye kuyerwa kwekona kwakarurama. Nokudaro, rimwe danho reUWB sprint mumunda wekururama rinotsigirwa neruzivo rwenguva inoenderana, hwaro hwetekinoroji, uye mikana yakakwana yekushandisa, uye iyi UWB accuracy sprint inogona kuonekwa se pre-layout yekusangana nekuvandudzwa kwehungwaru hwedhijitari.
Misika ipi ichavhurwa neMillimeter UW?
Parizvino, kupararira kweUWB pamusika kunonyanya kuratidzwa nekupararira kweB-end uye huwandu hweC-end. Mukushandiswa, B-end ine mashandisirwo akawanda, uye C-end ine nzvimbo yakawanda yekufungidzira yekuongorora mashandiro. Mukufunga kwangu, iyi hunyanzvi inotarisa pakushanda kwekuisa inosimbisa mabhenefiti eUWB mukuisa chaiyo, izvo hazvingounzi chete kubudirira kwekushanda kune mashandisirwo aripo asiwo zvinogadzira mikana yeUWB yekuvhura nzvimbo itsva yekushandisa.
Mumusika weB-end, kumapaki, mafekitori, mabhizinesi, nedzimwe nzvimbo, nharaunda isina waya yenzvimbo yayo chaiyo ine chokwadi, uye kururama kwenzvimbo kunogona kuvimbiswa nguva dzose, nepo nzvimbo dzakadaro dzichiramba dzichidawo kugadzikana kwekuona kwakarurama kwenzvimbo, kana kuti dzichava nehupamhi hwemamirimita. UWB ichakurumidza kunangana nekubatsirwa kwemusika.
Muchiitiko chekuchera, nekufambira mberi kwekuvakwa kwemigodhi yakangwara, mhinduro yekubatanidza "5G+UWB positioning" inogona kuita kuti sisitimu yemigodhi yakangwara ipedzise positioning munguva pfupi, kuwana musanganiswa wakakwana wekuisa chaiyo uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, uye kuona hunhu hwekunyatsojeka, kugona kukuru uye nguva refu yekumira, nezvimwewo. Panguva imwe chete, zvichibva pakutarisira kuchengetedzeka kwemugodhi, inogona kushandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mugodhi wakachengeteka uye kutarisira kuchengetedzeka kwemugodhi. Panguva imwe chete, zvichibva pakuda kwakasimba kwekutarisira kuchengetedzeka kwemugodhi, UWB ichashandiswawo mukutarisira vashandi vezuva nezuva, uye nzira yemotokari. Parizvino, nyika ine chiyero chakati chemigodhi yemarasha inosvika 4000 kana zvakadaro, uye avhareji yekuda kwechiteshi chega chega chemugodhi wemarasha inenge 100 kana zvakadaro, kubva ipapo zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kwese kwechiteshi chemigodhi yemarasha inosvika 400,000, huwandu hwevagodhi vemarasha vese vanenge mamiriyoni mana kana zvakadaro, zvichienderana nechiratidzo chemunhu mumwe chete, kudiwa kweUWB kunoratidza vanenge mamiriyoni mana kana zvakadaro. Sekureva kwemushandisi wemutengo mumwe chete pamusika, musika wemarasha mumusika wehardware weUWB "base station + tag" une mutengo wemari inosvika mabhiriyoni mana.
Kuchera nekuchera migodi kwakafanana nemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi huru uye kutorwa kwemafuta, mafekitori emagetsi, mafekitori emakemikari, nezvimwewo, zvinodiwa zvekutarisira kuchengetedzeka kwezvinodiwa zvekururama kwenzvimbo zvakakwira, kunyatsorongeka kweUWB kusvika padanho remamirimita kuchabatsira kubatanidza zvakanakira munzvimbo dzakadaro.
Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu mumaindasitiri, kuchengetera zvinhu, uye logistics, UWB yave chishandiso chekuderedza mitengo nekushanda zvakanaka. Vashandi vanoshandisa michina inobatwa nemaoko ine tekinoroji yeUWB vanogona kuwana nekuisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana nemazvo; kuvakwa kwehurongwa hwekutarisira hunobatanidza tekinoroji yeUWB mukutarisira mawarehouse kunogona kunyatsoongorora marudzi ese ezvinhu nevashandi vari mumawarehouse munguva chaiyo, uye kuwana kutonga kwezvinhu, manejimendi yevashandi, uye panguva imwe chete zvakare kuwana shanduko inoshanda uye isina zvikanganiso yezvinhu zvisina kutongwa kuburikidza nemidziyo yeAGV, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira.
Pamusoro pezvo, kusvetuka kweUWB kwemamirimita kunogonawo kuvhura mashandisirwo matsva mumunda wekutakura njanji. Parizvino, sisitimu yekudzora inoshanda yechitima inonyanya kuvimba nekuisa satellite kuti ipedze, kune nharaunda yepasi pevhu pamwe nezvivakwa zvepamusoro zvemaguta, makomba, nedzimwe nzvimbo, kuisa satellite kunogona kukundikana. Tekinoroji yeUWB muchitima CBTC positioning uye navigation, column into collision in collision and collision and collision early yambiro, train precision stopping, etc., inogona kupa rutsigiro rwakavimbika rwehunyanzvi rwekuchengetedza uye kudzora kutakura njanji. Parizvino, rudzi urwu rwekushandisa muEurope neUnited States rwakapararira mashandisirwo.
Mumusika weC-terminal, UWB inovandudza kurongeka kusvika padanho re millimeter ichavhura mamiriro matsva ekushandisa kunze kwemakiyi edhijitari enzvimbo yemotokari. Semuenzaniso, kupaka mota otomatiki, kubhadhara otomatiki, nezvimwewo. Panguva imwe chete, zvichibva pahunyanzvi hwekugadzira, zvinogonawo "kudzidza" maitiro emushandisi nemaitiro ake, uye kuvandudza mashandiro ehunyanzvi hwekutyaira otomatiki.
Munyaya yezvemagetsi evatengi, UWB inogona kunge iri tekinoroji yakajairika yemafoni pasi pekushandiswa kwemakiyi emota nemota. Pamusoro pekuvhura nzvimbo yakakura yekushandisa yekuisa nekutsvaga zvigadzirwa, kuvandudzwa kwekururama kweUWB kunogonawo kuvhura nzvimbo itsva yekushandisa yezviitiko zvekudyidzana kwemidziyo. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwakarurama hweUWB hunogona kudzora daro riri pakati pemidziyo, kugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo chaiyo, kuti mutambo, odhiyo, uye vhidhiyo zviunze ruzivo rwuri nani rwekunzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-04-2023